Lesson : The verbs are words that express actions or a state of being. The verb always agrees with its subject in number and person.

Verb that takes an object are transitive verbs;  verbs that don’t take an object are intransitive verbs. The tense of the verb shows:

1 The time (present, past or future) when an action takes place, took place or will takeplace.

2. The complete tenses  or incomplete tenses of an action. Verbs form their negatives in two (2) ways:  1) by adding not with the infinitive.  2) By using do (does, did) not and the infinitive (the method of all verbs except the auxiliaries). Verbs that form their past tense and past participle by addingd ed to the present are called regular verbs. Verbs that form their past tense and past participle by changing their vowels are called irregular verbs.

                                                             I -The Present tenses

 1- Simple present : The simple present tense is used for a repeated or habitual action or generally exists. To  this tense always add an “ s ” at the end of the verb when “He”,“She” or “It ” is doing the action.

FORMS:

1. Affirmative sttructure: S+Present form of the verb + Object

• Ex: We speak Englisgh.
• She speaks English

 b-Negative structure :  S+Do/Does+Not +BV  + Object

•  Ex: We do not speak English.
• She does not speak English

c- Interrogative structure: Do/Does+S +BV +Object+ ?

• Ex: Do we speak English ?
•  Does she speak English ?

2 – Present Progressive or continuous: The present continuous tense is used for an action that is still going on / the action that is happening at the moment of speaking.

 FORMS:

1. Affirmative structure 1 : S+Present form of the Aux tobe + Present participle of the main verb + Object.

/ Affirmative structure 2 : S +Present form of the Aux tobe (am/is/are) + BV+ing + Object

• Ex: He is writing a letter.

2. Negative structure : S+Present form of the Aux to be+Not + Present participle of the main verb +Object.

  / Negative structure : S+ c +Not + BV+ ing +Object. 

Ex: He is not eating rice.

C- Interrogative structure : Present form of the Aux tobe+S +Presentparti ciple of the main verb+Object+?

/ Interrogative structure : am/is/are+ S+ BV+ ing + Object.

Ex : Are you

D – Intero-Negative structure :

 Ex: Is He eating rice ?

Rules for using this tense:

 1. For verbs ending in “ e”, drop the“ e” and add “ing” . Ex: Dance=dancing, take=taking. 

2. Forverbsendingin“ie”, change the “ie” to “ y” and add “ing” . Ex: Die=dying, Lie=Lying.

3. Forotherverbs, add « ing » except for some verbs endingin « t » double the « t » and add « ing ». Ex:Cut=cutting,Put=putting.

III Presentperfect: The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested on the result than in the action itself. Be careful: there may be a verb tense in your language with a similar form,but the meaning is probably not the same. It can be used with unspecific expressions such as ever, never, before, yet,  once, manytimes, already, etc. This tense CANNOT be used with specific expressions such as yesterday, lastweek, oneday, etc.

This tense is good for describing experiences, change over time, accomplishments, and multiple actions at different times.

FORMS: a- Affirmative:

STRUCTURE:  S+to Have+PastPartici ple of the main verb+Compl ement.

 Ex: We have played football

3. Negative

 STRUCTURE: S+to Have+NOT +Past Participle of the main verb+Compl ement

Ex: We have not played football

4. Interrogative

 STRUCTURE: To Have+S+Past Partici ple of the main verb+Compl ement+? Ex:Havewe played foot ball ?

 

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2024-01-13 20:30:34 / mohamedlukek2014@magoe.gn